混凝土管柱排架与小直径管柱防屈曲支撑减震排架抗震性能试验研究

为解决传统空冷凝汽器支架结构抗侧能力弱,抗震能力不足的问题,设计制作了两榀空冷支架结构排架试件,其中一榀为常规直径混凝土双管柱结构试件,另一榀为直径较小的双管柱且增设多段连接防屈曲支撑的结构试件。分别对两榀排架结构试件进行了往复加载试验,对比分析了两榀排架的抗震性能,包括混凝土管柱的开裂与裂缝发展、荷载-排架顶点侧移滞回曲线、刚度退化、骨架曲线等,研究设置于双管柱之间的单斜式防屈曲支撑的轴力 轴向变形滞回曲线的特点及其提高结构抗震性能的工作机制。研究结果表明,多段连接防屈曲支撑可在层间位移角约1/750时进入屈服耗能状态,在层间位移角约1/30之前不失效,可显著增加结构阻尼且耗能稳定,提高了结构抗震性能。     

考虑损伤效应的钢管转换柱抗震性能试验研究与理论模型

为研究传统风格建筑钢结构转换柱连接的抗震性能及其恢复力特性,对不同上柱长细比（8.9和12.5）与轴压比（0.2和0.4）的4个钢管转换柱连接进行了低周往复加载试验,记录并分析了其受力过程和破坏形态。试验结果表明：随着轴压比和矩形钢管长细比的增大,转换柱连接的P-Δ效应加剧,构件的承载力逐渐降低。通过理论计算提出骨架曲线特征点计算式,得到理想双折线骨架曲线恢复力模型。同时,考虑累积耗能与变形对构件性能退化的影响,引入一个适用于传统风格建筑转换柱连接的损伤模型,确定了柱连接构件在每次滞回循环后的累积损伤指数,基于试验拟合结果定量描述其卸载刚度等力学性能指标的退化规律。最终给出转换柱连接构件在各受力阶段具体的滞回规则,得到考虑损伤效应的传统风格建筑钢转换柱连接的恢复力模型。经比较,所建议的考虑损伤效应的恢复力模型与试验结果吻合程度较高,能够很好地描述传统风格建筑钢转换柱连接在低周反复荷载作用下的受力特征与滞回特性。     

考虑碰撞效应的相邻框架结构地震易损性分析

针对间距不足和高度不等的相邻钢筋混凝土框架结构,设置考虑碰撞刚度和阻尼非线性的碰撞单元,通过对三维非线性有限元模型的时程分析研究地震碰撞效应,并开展增量动力分析,分别以所有层和碰撞层最大层间位移角为工程需求参数,提出考虑碰撞效应的地震易损性分析方法。以6层和4层、6层和5层、6层和3层相邻钢筋混凝土框架结构为例,对比分析不同周期比下考虑与不考虑碰撞效应的相邻结构地震易损性曲线。结果表明：对于6层和4层相邻结构,考虑碰撞效应后,6层结构所有层的最大层间位移角对应的失效概率略有减小,4层结构的反之,而较低结构的碰撞层及较高结构的碰撞层以上层的最大层间位移角对应的失效概率明显增大,即碰撞效应对结构整体响应影响不明显,而对局部响应影响显著;6层和5层、6层和3层相邻结构地震易损性曲线具有类似规律,且相邻结构自振周期越接近,碰撞对结构地震易损性影响越小。     

不同刚度比下防屈曲支撑钢筋混凝土框架抗震性能试验研究

为研究不同刚度比防屈曲支撑(buckling-restrained brace,BRB)钢筋混凝土框架的抗震性能,设计并制作了3榀BRB水平刚度与主体框架抗侧刚度比值分别为3、5、7的减震框架,通过低周往复荷载试验,对比研究其耗能减震能力、破坏形态、BRB连接节点及节点板性能、BRB转动变形性能、BRB端部附加弯矩产生机制等,探讨与BRB连接的梁、柱构件设计方法。研究结果表明：3榀框架滞回曲线饱满,耗能能力稳定,随着刚度比的增加,屈服荷载及极限荷载提高,BRB连接节点破坏越严重;BRB连接节点板的存在使框架柱塑性铰位置由柱端移至节点板趾部附近区域;水平荷载作用下,各框架中BRB端部由于转动变形产生附加弯矩,转动变形与层间位移角近似呈线性变化关系;加强消能子结构的延性构造措施是实现大变形下BRB充分耗能的有效途径。     

基于LCA的珠三角乡村景观保护与发展研究

基于珠三角部分地区乡村景观的保护与发展策略存在的不足,研究论证了英国景观特征评估将有助于改善乡村景观更新中“场所感”缺失的问题。通过解读针对我国尤其是珠三角地区的景观特征评估理论研究和实践的不足,结合珠三角乡村的景观导控现状,提出将英国景观特征评估方法进行本土转译,用于我国珠三角地区乡村的途径、要点和形式。该途径可用于珠三角乡村多个场所尺度的景观特征评估,将助力于珠三角乡村景观的保护与发展策略。     

基于MSP430 单片机的智能手枪枪-弹识别系统

为解决丢失枪、弹后给社会带来的危害及加强警方对枪、弹的管控等问题,基于MSP430 单片机与无线 射频技术(radio frequency identification,RFID)设计一套智能枪-弹识别系统。该系统包括接触式电子击发手枪弹、 枪内处理单元2 部分,可以实现枪-弹识别：正常击发编写过特殊识别码的子弹,对码失败或没有编写识别码的普通 子弹无法完成击发,并在击发失败后触发失败提醒。结果表明：该系统可以有效减少因枪支违法外流带来的生命财 产损失,加强枪、弹管控。     

基于第一性原理研究Heusler合金Fe2CuGa的结构和性能

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理,系统研究了Heusler合金Fe2CuGa的结构、磁性、弹性性能和电子性质.计算结果表明:立方相的基态结构是铁磁态的Hg2CuTi结构.立方到四方的相变几乎是体积不变的,这是形状记忆合金的特性.奥氏体和马氏体的磁矩分别是4.48和4.56μB/f.u..另外,预测了Fe2CuGa的弹性系数.Fe2CuGa的立方结构在力学上是不稳定的而四方结构是稳定的.根据体模量和剪切模量的比值,发现Fe2CuGa在本质上是可延展的.利用态密度的方法解释了Fe2CuGa马氏体相变的来源.     

Biomechanics of oral mucosa

The prevalence of prosthodontic treatment has been well recognized, and the need is continuously increasing with the ageing population. While the oral mucosa plays a critical role in the treatment outcome, the associated biomechanics is not yet fully understood. Using the literature available, this paper provides a critical review on four aspects of mucosal biomechanics, including static, dynamic, volumetric and interactive responses, which are interpreted by its elasticity, viscosity/permeability, apparent Poisson''s ratio and friction coefficient, respectively. Both empirical studies and numerical models are analysed and compared to gain anatomical and physiological insights. Furthermore, the clinical applications of such biomechanical knowledge on the mucosa are explored to address some critical concerns, including stimuli for tissue remodelling (interstitial hydrostatic pressure), pressure–pain thresholds, tissue displaceability and residual bone resorption. Through this review, the state of the art in mucosal biomechanics and their clinical implications are discussed for future research interests, including clinical applications, computational modelling, design optimization and prosthetic fabrication.     

A discrete spectral analysis for determining quasi-linear viscoelastic properties of biological materials

The viscoelastic behaviour of a biological material is central to its functioning and is an indicator of its health. The Fung quasi-linear viscoelastic (QLV) model, a standard tool for characterizing biological materials, provides excellent fits to most stress–relaxation data by imposing a simple form upon a material''s temporal relaxation spectrum. However, model identification is challenging because the Fung QLV model''s ‘box’-shaped relaxation spectrum, predominant in biomechanics applications, can provide an excellent fit even when it is not a reasonable representation of a material''s relaxation spectrum. Here, we present a robust and simple discrete approach for identifying a material''s temporal relaxation spectrum from stress–relaxation data in an unbiased way. Our ‘discrete QLV’ (DQLV) approach identifies ranges of time constants over which the Fung QLV model''s typical box spectrum provides an accurate representation of a particular material''s temporal relaxation spectrum, and is effective at providing a fit to this model. The DQLV spectrum also reveals when other forms or discrete time constants are more suitable than a box spectrum. After validating the approach against idealized and noisy data, we applied the methods to analyse medial collateral ligament stress–relaxation data and identify the strengths and weaknesses of an optimal Fung QLV fit.     

Stick–slip friction of gecko-mimetic flaps on smooth and rough surfaces

The discovery and understanding of gecko ‘frictional-adhesion’ adhering and climbing mechanism has allowed researchers to mimic and create gecko-inspired adhesives. A few experimental and theoretical approaches have been taken to understand the effect of surface roughness on synthetic adhesive performance, and the implications of stick–slip friction during shearing. This work extends previous studies by using a modified surface forces apparatus to quantitatively measure and model frictional forces between arrays of polydimethylsiloxane gecko footpad-mimetic tilted microflaps against smooth and rough glass surfaces. Constant attachments and detachments occur between the surfaces during shearing, as described by an avalanche model. These detachments ultimately result in failure of the adhesion interface and have been characterized in this study. Stick–slip friction disappears with increasing velocity when the flaps are sheared against a smooth silica surface; however, stick–slip was always present at all velocities and loads tested when shearing the flaps against rough glass surfaces. These results demonstrate the significance of pre-load, shearing velocity, shearing distances, commensurability and shearing direction of gecko-mimetic adhesives and provide us a simple model for analysing and/or designing such systems.